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Cannabidiolic- acid synthase, the chemotype-dete rmining enzyme in the fiber-type Cannabis sativa.: FEBS letters, Vol. 581, No. 16. (26 June 2007), pp. 2929-2934.Cann abidiolic-acid (CBDA) synthase is the enzyme that catalyzes oxidative cyclization of cannabigerolic -acid into CBDA, the dominant cannabinoid constituent of the fiber-type Cannabis sativa. We cloned a novel cDNA encoding CBDA synthase by reverse transcription and polymerase chain reactions with degenerate and gene-specific primers. Biochemical characterizati on of the recombinant enzyme demonstrated that CBDA synthase is a covalently flavinylated oxidase. The structural and functional properties of CBDA synthase are quite similar to those of tetrahydrocann abinolic-acid (THCA) synthase, which is responsible for the biosynthesis of THCA, the major cannabinoid in drug-type Cannabis plants.

Source: FEBS letters, Vol. 581, No. 16. (26 June 2007), pp. 2929-2934.
Abscisic acid signaling in seeds and seedlings.: Plant Cell, Vol. 14 Suppl (2002)

Source: Plant Cell, Vol. 14 Suppl (2002)
In Vitro Production of Embryos Alters Levels of Insulin-like Growth Factor-II Messenger Ribonucleic Acid in Bovine Fetuses 63 Days After Transfer: Biol Reprod, Vol. 62, No. 2. (1 February 2000), pp. 384-389.The objective of this study was to determine the effect of embryo production systems on the expression of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-II mRNA in fetal bovine tissues at Day 70 of gestation (63 days after transfer). Oocytes aspirated from ovaries of Holstein cows were matured and fertilized in vitro. Zygotes were cultured in either tissue culture medium (TCM)-199 + 10% estrous cow serum (ECS; in vitro-produced with serum [IVPS]) or TCM-199 + 1% BSA (in vitro-produced with serum restriction [IVPSR]). At 72 h postinseminati on, IVPSR embryos were transferred into fresh TCM-199 + 10% ECS whereas IVPS embryos had fresh medium replaced. All embryos were cultured for an additional 96 h. In vivo-produced embryos were harvested from superovulated Holstein cows (multiple ovulations [MO]). Grade 1 blastocysts from all groups were transferred singly into Angus heifers. At Day 70 of gestation, fetuses (n = 14, 13, and 11 for MO, IVPS, and IVPSR, respectively) were collected; liver and skeletal muscle samples were snap frozen, and whole-cell RNA (wcRNA) was extracted. Levels of IGF-II mRNA were determined by RNase protection assay and quantified relative to 18S rRNA (mean arbitrary units +/- SEM). WcRNA from adult and Day 90 fetal bovine liver were used as controls. Adult liver contained 9-fold less IGF-II mRNA than liver from Day 90 fetuses (P < 0.05). Fetal livers of males originating from IVPS and IVPSR groups possessed approximately 2-fold greater levels of mRNA for IGF-II than those from MO males (0.25 +/- 0.07, 0.33 +/- 0.04, and 0.14 +/- 0.03, respectively; P < 0.05). Levels of mRNA for IGF-II tended to be lower (P = 0.07) in skeletal muscle of fetuses originating from the IVPSR group (0.043 +/- 0.005) compared to MO controls (0.070 +/- 0.008). In conclusion, at Day 70 of gestation, fetuses originating from in vitro production systems possessed altered levels of IGF-II mRNA in both liver and skeletal muscle. 10.1095/biolre prod62.2.384

Source: Biol Reprod, Vol. 62, No. 2. (1 February 2000), pp. 384-389.
Amino Acid Composition of the Fetal Pig: J. Nutr., Vol. 129, No. 5. (1 May 1999), pp. 1031-1038.Amin o acid composition and accretion were determined in fetal pigs obtained from gilts by hysterectomy at d 40-114 of gestation. The whole homogenate of the fetal pig was used for analysis of dry matter, nitrogen and amino acids. Uterine uptake of amino acids was estimated at d 110-114 of gestation on the basis of uterine arteriovenous concentrations . Nitrogen and amino acid accretion in fetal pigs increased more rapidly with gestation than non-nitrogen dry matter. Amino acid nitrogen represented 83-88% of total nitrogen, and arginine was the most abundant nitrogen carrier in fetal pigs at all gestational ages. Amino acid composition changed with gestation, with glycine and hydroxyproline increasing (P < 0.05) markedly and other amino acids (except ornithine and tryptophan) decreasing (P < 0.05) to a lesser extent. Amino acid concentrations in fetal pigs increased (P < 0.05) progressively from d 60 to 114 of gestation. Uterine uptake of arginine and proline plus hydroxyproline met requirements for fetal growth during late gestation only marginally, and uterine uptake of aspartate/aspa ragine and glutamate was only 9-29% of fetal accretion. In contrast, uterine uptake of citrulline and ornithine was 55- and 15-fold greater (P < 0.05) than fetal accretion, respectively. On the basis of hydroxyproline content, collagen was estimated to represent ~7, 15, 25, 28 and 29% of total body protein at d 40, 60, 90, 110 and 114 of gestation, respectively. Amino acid composition of the fetal pig is similar to that for the human fetus, indicating that the pig is an excellent model for studying amino acid nutrition and metabolism in the human preterm neonate and infant.

Source: J. Nutr., Vol. 129, No. 5. (1 May 1999), pp. 1031-1038.
Evidence That Nitric Acid Increases Relative Humidity in Low-Temperatur e Cirrus Clouds: Science, Vol. 303, No. 5657. (23 January 2004), pp. 516-520.In situ measurements of the relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) and of nitric acid (HNO3) were made in both natural and contrail cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere. At temperatures lower than 202 kelvin, RHi values show a sharp increase to average values of over 130% in both cloud types. These enhanced RHi values are attributed to the presence of a new class of HNO3-containin g ice particles (Delta-ice). We propose that surface HNO3 molecules prevent the ice/vapor system from reaching equilibrium by a mechanism similar to that of freezing point depression by antifreeze proteins. Delta-ice represents a new link between global climate and natural and anthropogenic nitrogen oxide emissions. Including Delta-ice in climate models will alter simulated cirrus properties and the distribution of upper tropospheric water vapor.

Source: Science, Vol. 303, No. 5657. (23 January 2004), pp. 516-520.
Effect of ascorbic acid and Vitamin E supplementatio n on semen quality and biochemical parameters of male rabbits.: Animal reproduction science, Vol. 76, No. 1-2. (20 March 2003), pp. 99-111.The objective of this study was to determine the effects of supplementatio n of ascorbic acid, Vitamin E (Vit. E) and their combination in drinking water on sperm characteristic s, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and seminal plasma enzymes of mature male rabbits. Twenty-four male New Zealand White rabbits (5 months old) were given drinking water supplemented with ascorbic acid (1.5 g/l), Vit. E (1.0 g/l) and ascorbic acid+Vit. E (1.5+1.0 g/l) for 12 weeks. Vitamin supplementatio n in drinking water increased feed intake, but body weight gain was not significantly affected. Concentrations of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) were significantly (P

Source: Animal reproduction science, Vol. 76, No. 1-2. (20 March 2003), pp. 99-111.
Environment-sp ecific amino acid substitution tables: tertiary templates and prediction of protein folds.: Protein Sci, Vol. 1, No. 2. (February 1992), pp. 216-226.The local environment of an amino acid in a folded protein determines the acceptability of mutations at that position. In order to characterize and quantify these structural constraints, we have made a comparative analysis of families of homologous proteins. Residues in each structure are classified according to amino acid type, secondary structure, accessibility of the side chain, and existence of hydrogen bonds from the side chains. Analysis of the pattern of observed substitutions as a function of local environment shows that there are distinct patterns, especially for buried polar residues. The substitution data tables are available on diskette with Protein Science. Given the fold of a protein, one is able to predict sequences compatible with the fold (profiles or templates) and potentially to discriminate between a correctly folded and misfolded protein. Conversely, analysis of residue variation across a family of aligned sequences in terms of substitution profiles can allow prediction of secondary structure or tertiary environment.

Source: Protein Sci, Vol. 1, No. 2. (February 1992), pp. 216-226.
Separation and concentration effect of f-MWCNTs on electrocatalyt ic responses of ascorbic acid, dopamine and uric acid at f-MWCNTs incorporated with poly (neutral red) composite films: Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 52, No. 19. (25 May 2007), pp. 5985-5996.A novel conductive composite film containing functionalized multi-walled carbon nanotubes (f-MWCNTs) with poly (neutral red) (PNR) was synthesized on glassy carbon electrodes (GC) by potentiostatic method. The composite film exhibited promising electrocatalyt ic oxidation of mixture of biochemical compounds such as ascorbic acid (AA), dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) in pH 4.0 aqueous solutions. It was also produced on gold electrodes by using electrochemica l quartz crystal microbalance technique, which revealed that the functional properties of composite film were enhanced because of the presence of both f-MWCNTs and PNR. The surface morphology of the polymer and composite film deposited on transparent semiconductor tin oxide electrodes were studied using scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. These two techniques showed that the PNR was fibrous and incorporated on f-MWCNTs. The electrocatalyt ic responses of neurotransmitt ers at composite films were measured using both cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). These experiments revealed that the difference in f-MWCNTs loading present in the composite film affected the electrocatalys is in such a way, that higher the loading showed an enhanced electrocatalyt ic activity. From further electrocatalys is studies, well separated voltammetric peaks were obtained at the composite film modified GC for AA, DA and UA with the peak separation of 0.17 V between AA-DA and 0.15 V between DA-UA. The sensitivity of the composite film towards AA, DA and UA in DPV technique was found to be 0.028, 0.146 and 0.084 [mu]A [mu]M-1, respectively.

Source: Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 52, No. 19. (25 May 2007), pp. 5985-5996.
Management of life-threateni ng acid-base disorders. First of two parts.: N Engl J Med, Vol. 338, No. 1. (1 January 1998), pp. 26-34.

Source: N Engl J Med, Vol. 338, No. 1. (1 January 1998), pp. 26-34.
Management of life-threateni ng acid-base disorders. Second of two parts.: N Engl J Med, Vol. 338, No. 2. (8 January 1998), pp. 107-111.

Source: N Engl J Med, Vol. 338, No. 2. (8 January 1998), pp. 107-111.

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